環境試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設備品(pin)種繁(fan)多，但使用zui廣泛的環境試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設備為(wei)高溫(wen)、低(di)(di)溫(wen)、濕熱(re)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)，而(er)現今比較(jiao)流行(xing)是集(ji)合了高溫(wen)、低(di)(di)溫(wen)、濕熱(re)為(wei)一體(ti)的試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)—高低(di)(di)溫(wen)濕熱(re)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)，它的修理難度較(jiao)其它環境試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設備大(da)，且(qie)具有代表(biao)性。下面就高低(di)(di)溫(wen)濕熱(re)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)為(wei)例，談一談高低(di)(di)溫(wen)濕熱(re)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)的構(gou)造及一些常見(jian)故障和(he)排除(chu)方法。
(一)、常見高低(di)溫濕熱試驗箱的(de)構造
試驗(yan)職員除(chu)正確按(an)操(cao)(cao)縱規程操(cao)(cao)縱，還應該(gai)對其結構有所了(le)解(jie)。高低(di)溫(wen)(wen)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱試驗(yan)箱由(you)箱體、風循環(huan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統、制冷系(xi)(xi)(xi)統、加溫(wen)(wen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統和控(kong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統組成。風循環(huan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)同(tong)一般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)可調節送風方(fang)(fang)(fang)向的結構;加濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統有采(cai)用(yong)(yong)鍋爐加濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的和表(biao)面蒸(zheng)發二種;降溫(wen)(wen)、往(wang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統采(cai)用(yong)(yong)空調工況制冷結構;加熱系(xi)(xi)(xi)統采(cai)用(yong)(yong)電熱鰭片加熱和電爐絲直接加熱二種結構;溫(wen)(wen)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)測試方(fang)(fang)(fang)法采(cai)用(yong)(yong)干濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)球測試方(fang)(fang)(fang)法，也有用(yong)(yong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)傳(chuan)感器直接丈量方(fang)(fang)(fang)法;控(kong)制和顯示操(cao)(cao)縱界面采(cai)用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)分開獨立和溫(wen)(wen)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)組合控(kong)制器等(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式。
1.在高(gao)溫(wen)試驗(yan)中，如溫(wen)度(du)變化(hua)達不到試驗(yan)溫(wen)度(du)值時，可以檢(jian)查電(dian)器系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，逐(zhu)一排除故障。如溫(wen)度(du)升得很慢，就(jiu)要查看風(feng)循環(huan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，看一下風(feng)循環(huan)的調(diao)節擋板是否開(kai)啟正(zheng)常(chang)，反之，就(jiu)檢(jian)查風(feng)循環(huan)的電(dian)機運轉(zhuan)是否正(zheng)常(chang)。如溫(wen)度(du)過(guo)(guo)沖厲(li)害那么(me)就(jiu)需要整定PID的設置參數。假如溫(wen)度(du)直接上升，過(guo)(guo)溫(wen)保護，那么(me)，控制器出故障，須更(geng)換控制儀表。
(二)高低(di)溫濕熱試驗(yan)箱的一些(xie)常見故障和排(pai)除方法(fa)：
2.低(di)溫(wen)達不(bu)到試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)指標，那你就要(yao)觀察溫(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，是(shi)(shi)溫(wen)度降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)很慢(man)，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)溫(wen)度到一定值后(hou)(hou)(hou)溫(wen)度有回升的(de)(de)(de)趨勢，前者就要(yao)檢(jian)查一下，做低(di)溫(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)前是(shi)(shi)否(fou)將工作(zuo)室(shi)烘干，使(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)室(shi)保持干燥后(hou)(hou)(hou)再將試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)樣品放(fang)進工作(zuo)室(shi)內(nei)再做試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，工作(zuo)室(shi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)樣品是(shi)(shi)否(fou)放(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)過多，使(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)室(shi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)風不(bu)能充分(fen)循環(huan)，在排除上述(shu)原因后(hou)(hou)(hou)，就要(yao)考慮是(shi)(shi)否(fou)是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)冷系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障了，這(zhe)樣就要(yao)請廠家的(de)(de)(de)專業職員進行檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)者的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)是(shi)(shi)設備的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用環(huan)境(jing)(jing)不(bu)好所(suo)致，設備放(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)溫(wen)度，放(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(箱體后(hou)(hou)(hou)與墻的(de)(de)(de)間隔)要(yao)滿(man)足要(yao)求(在設備操縱使(shi)(shi)用說明中都(dou)有規定)。
3.在做(zuo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)熱試驗中，出現(xian)(xian)(xian)實際(ji)(ji)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)會達到100%或(huo)者實際(ji)(ji)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)與目(mu)標濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)相(xiang)差很大，數值低得(de)很多，前者的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象：可(ke)(ke)能是(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球(qiu)傳感器(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)紗布(bu)干燥(zao)引起，那就(jiu)要(yao)檢(jian)查濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球(qiu)傳感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽中是(shi)否缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)槽中的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)由一水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)自(zi)動控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)，查水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)否供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)正(zheng)常(chang)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)否正(zheng)常(chang)。另一種可(ke)(ke)能就(jiu)是(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球(qiu)紗布(bu)因使用時(shi)間長，或(huo)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質純凈(jing)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)原因，會使紗布(bu)變(bian)硬，使紗布(bu)無法吸收水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)份而干燥(zao)，只要(yao)更換或(huo)清洗紗布(bu)即可(ke)(ke)排除以(yi)上(shang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象。后者的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象主要(yao)是(shi)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)不工(gong)作(zuo)，查看加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)，供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)內是(shi)否有一定的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)鍋(guo)(guo)爐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)否正(zheng)常(chang)，加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)鍋(guo)(guo)爐內的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)否正(zheng)常(chang)。如以(yi)上(shang)一切都正(zheng)常(chang)，那就(jiu)要(yao)檢(jian)查電器(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)，這(zhe)要(yao)請專業維修職員進行檢(jian)驗。
4.設備在(zai)試驗運行(xing)過程(cheng)中忽(hu)然(ran)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時，控制儀表上出現(xian)(xian)(xian)對應的(de)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)顯示(shi)提示(shi)并(bing)有聲(sheng)訊(xun)報(bao)警提示(shi)。操(cao)縱職員(yuan)可以(yi)對照(zhao)設備的(de)操(cao)縱使用中的(de)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)排除一(yi)章中快(kuai)速檢查(cha)出屬于哪一(yi)類故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)，即可請(qing)專業(ye)職員(yuan)快(kuai)速排除故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)，以(yi)確保(bao)試驗的(de)正常進(jin)行(xing)。其它環境(jing)試驗設備在(zai)使用中還會有其它的(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象，那就要具(ju)體現(xian)(xian)(xian)象，具(ju)體分析和(he)排除。
環境試驗(yan)設備還(huan)要定(ding)(ding)(ding)期進(jin)行維護(hu)保養(yang)，制(zhi)冷(leng)系統(tong)的冷(leng)凝器定(ding)(ding)(ding)期清理，對于活(huo)動部(bu)件應按說明書加油(you)潤滑，電器控制(zhi)系統(tong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)期維護(hu)檢查等等，這些工(gong)作是*的。
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